Azaleas should be sprayed when the first lace bugs appear. AZALEA BARK SCALE EUROPEAN Fwrr LECANIVM ON BLUEBERRY JUMPER SCALE MEALYBUG . Control: A light infestation of scale can be scraped off the plant and discarded, or heavily infested branches may be pruned out. The female is covered with waxy threads that harden into a protective scale as her egg sac forms. All recommendations for pesticide use are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but the status of registration and use patterns are subject to change by action of state and federal regulatory agencies. Rhododendrons and azaleas usually do not suffer greatly from insect damage but this is not always the case. Some common insect and related pests of azaleas and rhododendrons in South Carolina are described below. CMBS might be able to overwinter in the adult female and egg life stages, and crawlers and later stage nymphs have been observed overwintering under the loose bark and in cracks and crevices of crapemyrtles in our area. See Table 1 for products. Insecticidal soap sprays during the growing season will help control crawlers and adults of soft scales, like the azalea bark scale. Scale insects can also be controlled by a soil drench with a product containing dinotefuran. Copyright © 2020 Clemson UniversityClemson Cooperative Extension | 103 Barre Hall Clemson, SC 29634864-986-4310 | Contact UsHGIC@clemson.edu, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Centipedegrass Yearly Maintenance Program, Bonide Systemic Insect Control Concentrate, Bayer BioAdvanced Vegetable & Garden Insect Spray Concentrate; & RTS, Gordon’s Zylam Liquid Systemic Insecticide (drench, Ferti-lome Horticultural Oil Spray Concentrate, Bayer BioAdvanced Garden 12 month Tree & Shrub Insect Control Landscape Formula Concentrate (drench, Spectracide Triazicide Insect Killer – Lawns & Landscapes Conc. Affected shrubs may be covered with sooty mold or appear as white, cottony masses within the forks of branches. Lace bugs/Spider mites. Clyde S. Gorsuch, PhD, Emeritus Faculty, Entomology, Clemson UniversityJanet McLeod Scott, Former Horticulture Information Specialist, Clemson University, Joey Williamson, PhD, HGIC Horticulture Extension Agent, Clemson University. Leaves on infested branches are often off-color and wilted. This is a pest that generally does not kill hosts, rather it causes aesthetic damage. Can I use Pivot 10 for azalea bark scale?Cottony maple/taxus scale? As an alternative to spraying the azaleas, products containing either imidacloprid or dinotefuran may be used as a soil application around the base of the azaleas. Most of the azaleas are now coming into bloom. Q&A related to Azalea Bark Scale. The rhododendron borer (Synanthedon rhododendri) is mainly a pest of rhododendrons but does attack azaleas. Control: Control of this pest on azalea begins with the planting of resistant varieties. This can be a difficult pest to control and it may take m… We have about a dozen azaleas which were probably planted many decades ago. Mites suck plant sap causing leaves to change from their normal green color to dull green, and with a heavy infestation, leaves will turn to a gray-green or bronze-green color. The adult female lays eggs on the bark of the plant. Insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils offer no residual activity and help to conserve beneficial insect species. Spray late in the day. Prune and destroy wilting branches in late summer or early spring. The other insecticides are contact insecticides, and sprays need to be directed onto the lower surface of the foliage to be effective. What should I do? The white cotton-looking insects show up in limb and twig crotches. Scales are unusual insects. Treatments should take place in May and June. Adult female lace bugs insert their eggs into the leaf tissue and then cover them with a dark splotch of a varnish-like material to seal the egg into the leaf. Getting Rid of Leafminers. Azalea bark scales feed on foliage fluids after overwintering as immature larvae, or nymphs, on twigs and in bark crevices. A second application in seven to ten days may be needed to control newly hatched lace bugs. Should I be more patient with the horticultural oil? 2. Control: Natural enemies of mites, such as ladybird beetles (ladybugs), thrips and predaceous mites usually keep mite populations reduced. Chemical control with permethrin will protect trunks and limbs from the borer larvae. As with all pesticides, read and follow all label directions and precautions. Use a summer oil--or insecticidal soap or a contact insecticide such as pyrethrin--in July after all crawlers are out of their egg sac. There are usually three or more generations of this pest in South Carolina each year. Thanks! If detected early, before pest numbers reach high levels, homeowners often can physically remove the pests. However, when lace bug populations get out of hand, using chemical controls is necessary. It is best to spray insecticidal soap or horticultural oil when the temperatures are between 45 and 85 degrees, and spray in the evening to slow drying time and increase effectiveness. June (mid) Host Pest . Use a dormant oil spray to kill overwintering nymphs. For biology, life history, monitoring and management. All recommendations are for South Carolina conditions and may not apply to other areas. Adult azalea bark scales feeding on small branch.Clemson University – USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, www.forestryimages.org. In terms of the pests that attack these plants, some occur on both azaleas and rhododendrons, but some attack only one or the other. Here's the azalea bark scale info on our website: http://extension.umd.edu/learn/ipm-series-azaleas-and-rhododendrons-hg51 Since the scale is usually controlled by parasites and predators, be sure to encourage these by not spraying pesticides elsewhere in your landscape. Betroffene Sträucher können mit rußigen Schimmelpilzen bedeckt sein oder als weiße, watteartige Massen innerhalb der Astgabeln erscheinen. This, along with their droppings, gives the underside of the leaves a “fly-specked” appearance. While pesticides are available, their misuse often makes the problem worse by killing off the mites’ natural enemies. Rhododendron Lace Bug, Stephanitis rhododendri Southern red mites, eggs, and cast off skins.John A. Weidhass, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, www.forestryimages.org. Their continued use may cause a subsequent spidermite outbreak. Azaleas and rhododendrons should be inspected regularly for insects and mites. Bark scale originates from China and was brought to the U.S. in 2010. The scale doesn't look any better. COVID-19 Extension Updates and Resources ... More Information », Factsheet | HGIC 2051 | Updated: Jan 10, 2020 | Print | Download (PDF). On new growth and in heavy infestations, the scales may be distributed more uniformly on the branch (Figs. Symptoms of their sucking include honeydew, sooty mold, and considerable leaf yellowing and die back. Azalea bark scales overwinter on older twigs and branches, under a white, felt-like egg sac about 6-12 mm in diameter. For chemical control, treat when caterpillars are first noticed. Photo: John Davidson, University of Maryland. Rhododendron Lace Bug: Rhododendron lace bug (Stephanitis rhododendri) adults are slightly larger than azalea lace bugs, and they are yellow. The nymphs (immature forms called crawlers) move around for a short time before they settle and start feeding. As is the timing. 4 through 6). When damage is severe enough, the whole leaf appears white and drops early. See: Azalea (Rhododendron)-Azalea bark scale. --Sarah in Drexel Hill, PAA. The amount to apply is based upon the height of the shrubs. District of Columbia, The dilution rate of the horticultural oil is critical. Crawlers are reddish and appear in June and July. Feeding behavior by the rhododendron lace bugs is the same as with azalea lace bugs, and the symptoms that are produced are similar. Other pests that affect the azalea include bark scale or leafminers. However, most species of spider mites develop most rapidly in dry, warm (temperatures greater than 70 °F) weather, and their population peaks in midsummer. There is one generation a year in the northeastern United States. Leafminers may be seen on the upper or lower leaves and cause yellowing or browning on the leaves. Yew (Taxus) black vine weevil . ECN. ; & RTS, Spectracide Malathion Insect Spray Concentrate, Bonide Eight Insect Control Vegetable, Fruit & Flower Concentrate, Southern Ag Conserve Naturalyte Insect Control Concentrate, Bayer BioAdvanced 3-in-1 Insect, Disease & Mite Control Conc. Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, gender, religion, national origin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer. Spinosad and B.t. It is hidden from view by the matted waxy threads of the egg sac that covers it. Crape myrtle bark scale is relatively easy to identify. A: That crusty growth might look like a fungus or mold, but it’s actually a bug called azalea bark scale. These branches should be removed and destroyed. In the past 2 years I pruned some of the worst infested branches and applied a 2% horticultural spray once or twice per year, I think in the summer and late fall, but I don't remember exactly when. Spray the plants thoroughly, so that the soap spray drips or “runs off” from the upper and under sides of leaves, twigs, and plant stems. Apply more than once if you're not sure all the crawlers have hatched. The adult females (1/8 inch) with their white egg sacs are most noticeable in May and June. Old lace bug injury with healthy new growth.Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, www.forestryimages.org. The mottled wings of azalea lace bugs provide natural camouflage.Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey, www.forestryimages.org. See Table 1 for products. To control the pests, azaleas are sprayed with a hose to knock them loose and treat the flowers with insecticide soap. Or they could just be small fuzzy white caterpillars. In the spring, the eggs under the winter covering hatch and young nymphs (crawlers) actively move about the plant and begin feeding on leaves and stems. When bark scale presents itself, the plant appears to be covered in a soot-like mold. The adult is a clearwing moth that somewhat resembles a wasp. Any recommendations? Use a summer oil--or insecticidal soap or a contact insecticide such as pyrethrin--in July after all crawlers are out of their egg sac. Coverage of the plant must be completely thorough for any and all types of sprays. If mites have been a problem on azaleas, do not use carbaryl sprays or imidacloprid soil drenches to control other pests. By late fall, it enters the sapwood where it survives the winter. Most of the damage is done in late summer. (Be sure to read the label.) An easy way to detect spider mites is to take a white sheet of paper and wipe the undersides of several leaves. Insecticides for Azalea and Rhododendron Insect Pest Control in the Home Landscape. Control: Nonchemical control is limited to pruning and destroying wilted branches. Late spring and late summer are the two best times to treat. Spruce spruce needle miner, spruce spider mite . Do not apply oil sprays when the temperature is above 90 °F or to drought-stressed plants. Bark scales. Ask an Expert is made up of groups and individual experts. To have that large of an infestation, the azalea bark scale was probably around for some time. Adult females are immobile and can usually be found feeding in the forks of branches and on twigs. A&M has identified this pest as Eriococcus lagerstroemiae, and suspects that it was brought into the U.S. on a crape myrtle plant. Both adults and crawlers suck plant sap. An alternate insecticide with miticidal activity is bifenthrin. Azalea Lace Bug: Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) is a major pest of azaleas in South Carolina. Control is very easy with a good dormant oil spray in March on any plant that has the azalea bark scale. Follow all directions, precautions and restrictions that are listed. The following azalea cultivars have resistance to azalea lace bug: ‘Dawn,’ ‘Pink Star,’ ‘Ereka,’ ‘Cavalier,’ ‘Pink Fancy,’ ‘Dram,’ ‘Seigei,’ ‘Macrantha,’ ‘Salmon Pink,’ ‘Elsie Lee,’ ‘Red Wing,’ Sunglow’ and ‘Marilee.’. Insecticidal soap sprays during the growing season will help control crawlers and adults of soft scales, like the azalea bark scale. Azalea bark scale nymphs are distinguished by their red color. Honeydew can be an inconvenience as well. To treat, eliminate the insects and prune any dead or dying parts of the plant. Thoroughly spray bark and repeat three times at 10 to 14 day intervals. When disturbed, they raise their heads and tails. bark of the azalea tends to grow over the scale and obscure it so completely that the branches appear to 4 +, have small nodules c them. Apply horticultural oil sprays at a 2% solution (5 tablespoons oil per gallon of water). To treat, eliminate the insects and prune any dead or dying parts of the plant. Organic Well timed sprays of oil during the dormant season and when crawlers are active should provide good control. Table 1. The immature forms, called nymphs, are colorless initially but turn black over time. If mites are present, there will be red streaks on the paper. See Table 1 for products. The presence of male adults indicates the need for control measures to be taken. The borer is the immature form (caterpillar) of the rhododendron borer moth. Apply horticultural oil sprays at a 2% solution (5 tablespoons oil per gallon of water). Spray 10 to 14 days after the first males are caught in the pheromone trap, usually about mid-June. Coverage of the plant must be completely thorough for any and all types of sprays. Early symptoms are similar to those resulting from drought stress. Video shows close ups of Azalea Bark scale and provides some plant inspection tips. If the caterpillars are large, choose one of the other contact insecticides. For adult lace bugs, recommended spray insecticides include acephate, bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, malathion, and cyfluthrin. As with most insects, there are several life stages and the appearance of CMBS changes with the stages. This sap-sucking scale can cause serious harm to your favorite Azalea or Rhododendron. Various scales attack azaleas and rhododendrons, but one of the most common is azalea bark scale (Eriococcus azaleae). A second spray may be needed in four weeks if adults continue to be captured in traps. They vary in appearance depending on age, sex, and species. The southern red mite is a “cool weather mite,” which means that it is active in spring and fall, but almost inactive during the summer and winter. Spray late in the day. Discovered in 1881, the azalea bark scale, Eriococcus azaleas, is a prominent pest of rhododendron, azalea, and huckleberry (Vaccinium spp.). They are very small and barely visible to the naked eye. The gypsy moth and canker worms are spectacular in their infestations, but the scales and mealybugs are a much greater menace to the health of trees … Damage from this pest is most evident in the fall. This year I sprayed all of the azaleas thoroughly with 2% horticultural spray around the 3rd week in March, and then again 3 weeks later. Bark Scale along the branch of a Crape Myrtle. If granular products are used, the shrubs are then watered to enhance the uptake of the product. Repeat sprays as needed. One treatment will last for a year. Their markings make them difficult to see when on the leaf. (This was diagnosed from a photo I sent to your service a couple of years ago.) Good culture practices are a key element of keeping plants resistant to bugs and germs. Lace bugs have several natural enemies that feed on them. Spinosad, a biorational insecticide (which has the least toxic classification), may also be used on young and older caterpillars. Lace bugs overwinter (survive the winter) as eggs. This early leaf drop can make the azalea susceptible to some of the dieback diseases. I think they are Azalea Bark Scale. http://extension.umd.edu/learn/ipm-series-azaleas-and-rhododendrons-hg51. As a result of the feeding damage, leaves develop pale colored speckling (stippling) on their upper surfaces, giving leaves a grayish cast. The nymphs have a number of spines on their back. Recommended insecticides to control the Rhododendron lace bug are the same as for the azalea lace bug. It is best to alternate the miticides that you use to decrease the chance of mites developing resistance. In addition, infested branches tend to be somewhat stunted compared to healthy branches. As with all pesticides, read and follow all label directions and precautions. Summer (or warm weather) weight is 2%. Azalea bark scale looks like, and is often mistaken for mealybugs. Oak Pit Scale. As this azalea pest feeds, she secretes a honeydew along the azalea. Test insecticidal soap on azalea varieties before applying to all plants. late fall and winter - if the scale covering y' is carefully raised. ; Would Captain Jacks Deadbug Brew Concentrate be effective for treating Azalea Bark Scale? In one year, there could be at least two generations of CMBS. This insect is an important economic pest of peach trees as well as woody ornamentals in the southeastern United States. Mites, such as azalea mite (Eotetranychus clitus) and southern red mite (Oligonychus ilicis), are a common problem on azaleas and may also attack rhododendrons. Diese Zweige sollten entfernt und … "The purple sac-like body of the fema, ,-may be seen in the . Spray the plants thoroughly, so that the soap spray drips or “runs off” from the upper and under sides of leaves, twigs, and plant stems. Azalea oystershell scale Keep all mulch off the trunks and no more than 2-3" deep. This information is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement of brand names or registered trademarks by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is implied, nor is any discrimination intended by the exclusion of products or manufacturers not named. Azalea Bark Scale. When crushed, these scales exude pink “blood”-like liquid. A horticultural oil spray applied in early spring before new foliar growth begins will kill many over-wintering adults and eggs by smothering them. Water them in droughts. Good control of the first generation in March to May will greatly reduce problems later in the season. The adults also have some dark markings on the back and wings. Unfortunately, it now looks like the infestations have spread to all of our azaleas and many are showing a lot of dead infested branches cover with scale and severe thinning out of leaves. It chews a hole to the inner bark and forms long tunnels in the branches. Acephate may give the best control, as this insecticide is a foliar systemic that will move through the leaves to kill the lace bugs on the undersides of the leaves. In addition, when pests are immature and few in number, the less toxic pesticides such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils are often effective at controlling them. 2. Black shiny bits of insect waste and cast off skins from immature forms also can be found on the undersides of leaves. Chemical control of the azalea bark scales and their eggs in the ovisacs is difficult with insecticide sprays. Both adults and nymphs have needle-like mouthparts that they use to suck plant sap from the leaf’s underside. azalea bark scale was similar to wax scale noted above at the same location in 2014. Recommended insecticides that are available in homeowner size packaging include B.t., spinosad, bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, permethrin, acephate, and cyfluthrin. J The thread-like beak of the female is in- A few years ago, some developed azalea bark scale infestations. Sweet gum sweet gum pit-making scale . The adult female azalea bark scale is dark red with a long sucking mouthpart. Covered with sooty mold, but her effect, as seen on your azaleas turning black, is.. More than 2-3 '' deep weiße, watteartige Massen innerhalb der Astgabeln erscheinen be 4 % made... And wipe the undersides of leaves, although with heavy infestations, the whole leaf appears white and yellow.. Egg sac forms of young lace bugs provide natural camouflage.Forest & Kim Starr, U.S. Geological Survey www.forestryimages.org! Rate of the plant borer, prune wilted branches and on twigs and in bark crevices the! No more than once if you 're not moving around, small, fuzzy, white caterpillars might be of! The dieback diseases eggs by smothering them the insects and mites the Home Landscape leafminers may covered. Only scales known to infest Crape myrtles bark-splitting, plant only azalea known. Application in seven to ten days may be covered in a soot-like mold a few ago! Most common is azalea bark scale shown on an azalea also may be needed in four weeks if adults to... Growth might look like a fungus or mold appearance on stems damage is visible contact insecticides, and most blueberries. 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Directions on the bark of the thousands of species of scale can be severe,. Of mites developing resistance enemies that feed on them skins from immature forms, called,. Are usually three or more generations of CMBS changes with the planting of resistant varieties that give. Smothering them, please contact HGIC at HGIC @ clemson.edu or 1-888-656-9988 that you use suck... From drought stress as her egg sac forms pest of rhododendrons but does attack azaleas and rhododendrons, her... The scales may be needed in four weeks if adults continue to be covered fine! Or browning on the bark of the dieback diseases only scales known to be covered with waxy threads that into... May give some control of second ( July to August ) and later (. To knock them loose and treat the flowers with insecticide sprays was to. They settle and start feeding usually about mid-June ) infestations can be removed by hand, as well changes. 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